Swing Trade Preparation
Swing trading combines fundamental and technical analysis in order to catch momentous price movements while avoiding idle times. The benefits of this type of trading are a more efficient use of capital and higher returns, and the drawbacks are higher commissions and more volatility. Swing trading can be difficult for the average retail trader. The professional traders have more experience, more leverage, more information and lower commissions; however, they are limited by the instruments they are allowed to trade, the risk they are capable of taking on and their large amount of capital. (Large institutions trade in sizes too big to move in and out of stocks quickly.) Knowledgeable retail traders can take advantage of these things in order to profit consistently in the marketplace. In this article, we lay out what a good daily trading routine and strategy looks like, and show you how you can be similarly successful in your trading activities.
Pre-Market
The retail swing trader will often begin his or her day at
6am
(EST), well before the opening bell. The time before open is crucial for getting an overall feel for the day's market, finding potential trades, creating a daily watch list and, finally, checking up on existing positions.
Market Overview
The first task of the day is to catch up on the latest news and developments in the markets. The quickest way to do this is via the cable television channel
CNBC or reputable websites such as Market Watch. The trader needs to keep an eye on three things in particular:
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Overall market sentiment (bullish/bearish, key economic reports, inflation, currency, overseas trading sessions, etc.)
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Sector sentiment (hot sectors, growing sectors, etc.)
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Current holdings (news, earnings, SEC filings, etc.)
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Find Potential Trades
Next, the trader will scan for potential trades for the day. Typically, swing traders will enter a position with a fundamental catalyst and manage/exit the position with the aid of technical analysis. There are two good ways to find fundamental catalysts:
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Special opportunities: These are best found via SEC filings and, in some cases, headline news. Such opportunities may include initial public offerings (IPOs), bankruptcies, insider buying, buyouts, takeovers, mergers, restructurings, acquisitions and other similar events. Typically, these are found by monitoring certain SEC filings, such as S-4 and 13D. This can be easily done with the help of sites such as SECFilings.com, which will send notifications as soon as such a filing is made.
These types of opportunities often carry a large amount of risk, but they deliver many rewards to those who carefully research each opportunity. These types of plays involve the swing trader buying when most are selling and selling when everyone else is buying, in an attempt to "fade" over-reactions to news and events.
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Sector plays: These are best found by analyzing the news or consulting reputable financial information websites to find out which sectors are performing well. For example, you can tell that the energy sector is hot simply by checking a popular energy exchange-traded fund (like IYE) or scanning the news for mentions of the energy sector. Traders looking for higher risk and higher returns may choose to seek out more obscure sectors, such as coal or titanium. These are often much harder to analyze, but they can yield much greater returns. These types of plays involve the swing trader buying into trends at opportune times and riding the trends until there are signs of reversal or retracement.
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Chart breaks are a third type of opportunity available to swing traders. They are usually heavily traded stocks that are near a key support or resistance level. Swing traders will look for several different types of patterns designed to predict breakouts or breakdowns, such as triangles, channels, Wolfe Waves, Fibonacci levels, Gann levels and others. Note that chart breaks are only significant if there is sufficient interest in the stock. These types of plays involve the swing trader buying after a breakout and selling again shortly thereafter at the next resistance level. (To learn more about these specific patterns, see the Active Trading article archive.)
Make a Watch List
The next step is to create a watch list of stocks for the day. These are simply stocks that have a fundamental catalyst and a shot at being a good trade. Some swing traders like to keep a dry-erase board next to their trading stations with a categorized list of opportunities, entry prices, target prices and stop-loss prices.
Check Existing Positions
Finally, in the pre-market hours, the trader must check up on his or her existing positions. First, check the news to make sure that nothing material has happened to the stock overnight. This can be done by simply typing the stock symbol into a news service such as Google News. Next, check to see whether any filings have been made by searching the SEC's EDGAR database. If there is material information, you have to analyze it and determine whether it affects your current trading plan. You may also have to adjust your stop-loss and take-profit points as a result.
Market Hours
The market hours are a time for watching and trading. Many swing traders look at level II quotes, which will show who is buying and selling and what amounts they are trading. Those coming from the world of day trading will also often check which market maker is making the trades (this can cue traders in to who is behind the market maker's trades), and also be aware of head-fake bids and asks placed just to confuse retail traders.
As soon as a viable trade has been found and entered, traders begin to look for an exit. This is typically done using technical analysis. Many swing traders like to use Fibonacci extensions, simple resistance levels or price by volume. Ideally, this is done before the trade has even been placed, but a lot will often depend on the day's trading. Moreover, adjustments may need to be made later, depending on future trading. As a general rule, however, you should never adjust a position to take on
more risk (e.g. move a stop-loss down): only adjust profit-taking levels if trading continues to look bullish, or adjust stop-loss levels upward to lock in profits.
